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The Uhuru Movement ''(Uhuru'' is the Swahili word for freedom.〔''Standard Swahili-English Dictionary'', Frederick Johnson. Oxford University Press (1951), pp. 138, 491.〕) is a radical international socialist movement centered on the theory of African Internationalism, which provides a historical material explanation for the social and economic conditions of African people worldwide. The Movement has been led by the African People's Socialist Party (APSP)〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=African People's Socialist Party-USA - History )〕 whose chairman is Omali Yeshitela who founded the movement in 1972. Its black members consider themselves to be African; they do not adhere to the identities given to them as a result of colonialism and enslavement. They are part of the dispersed African Nation. The APSP has formed several organizations, each with specific tasks and purpose. Affiliated organizations include The International People's Democratic Uhuru Movement (InPDUM), African Socialist International (ASI), UhuruNews.com, African People's Solidarity Committee (APSC), Uhuru Solidarity Movement (USM), Burning Spear Productions, Uhuru Foods, Uhuru Furniture,〔(Uhuru profile ), sct.temple.edu; accessed September 18, 2015.〕 All African People's Development and Empowerment Project (AAPDEP), and African People's Education and Defense Foundation (APEDF).〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=Uhuru Movement Dot Org: Welcome to the Uhuru Movement! )〕 ==Political views== The Uhuru Movement's political ideology is African Internationalism, which states that capitalism was born parasitic through the attack on Africa and her people. African Internationalism says that Capitalism is imperialism developed to its highest stage, not the other way around, as theorized by V.I. Lenin . This understanding comes from Marx's 1867 book Capital where he "spoke of the condition essential to the emergence of capitalism, which he called the 'primitive accumulation' of capital as capitalism’s starting point."〔 The 'primitive accumulation' Marx spoke about was what happened as a result of the attack on Africa and the exploitation and exportation of her resources both human and material. In fact, it was the hundreds of years of free labor and undeterred exploitation of African mineral wealth that took Europe out of the dark ages and laid the foundation of capitalist world system. Without Africa, Europe would be a barren wasteland devoid of resources. African Internationalism is not a static theory that only refers to past conditions. It continues to explain the conditions that African people are faced today. It refers to African people who live inside imperialist centers such as the United States and Europe, as an "internal colony" 〔 and that colonization is not a dead practice as it is practice now through neo-colonialism (white power in black face). From gentrification to police violence, African Internationalism explains the conditions of the oppressed and offers a way to end the oppression. The 'Movement' has called for the release of all African prisoners in U.S. prisons, described as "concentration camps", and has described U.S. police forces as an "illegitimate standing army". They have called for the withdrawal of police forces from exploited and oppressed African communities.〔''Enhancing Police Integrity'', Carl B. Klockars, Sanja Kutnjak Ivković, Maria R. Haberfeld. Springer (2006), p. 118.〕 Members of the Uhuru Movement believe that the conditions of African people cannot improve until capitalism is destroyed which can happen through a revolution that frees and unites Africa with socialism and under the leadership of the African working class. The 'Movement' advocates for the economic and political liberation of African people on both the continent of Africa and abroad, as well building economic and sustainable development in African communities throughout the world. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Uhuru Movement」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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